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建筑賞析|人工建筑與自然景觀和諧共存——Barroude“隱形”避難所

發(fā)布于：2025-01-14 12:00:49

首頁/技術分享/建筑賞析

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人工建筑與自然景觀和諧共存——Barroude“隱形”避難所第1張圖片

在法國比利牛斯山脈國家公園的山坡草地上修建了一座避難所——snøhetta建筑事務所
snøhetta's grassy mountain refuge will skim the slopes of france's pyrenees national park

由專筑網(wǎng)韓慧慧，小R編譯

Snøhetta建筑師事務所在法國比利牛斯山脈的國家公園內設計了避難所項目，該設計方案在一次競賽中脫穎而出。該項目的建立是為了替代之前被大火燒毀的同類型建筑。新建筑名為Barroude，建成之后將成為比利牛斯山脈路線上徒步旅行者的中途休息停留點，也會成為國家公園的接待中心和服務中心。該項目的設計遵循保護原有環(huán)境，將保護環(huán)境作為設計重點。該建筑采用綠色屋頂，建筑體塊緩緩從地面升起，與周邊環(huán)境融為一體。項目建成后將成為法國比利牛斯山脈國家公園（聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產名錄上的國家公園）內的首個現(xiàn)代設施，吸引游客，并為游客服務。

Among the rolling landscape of France’s Pyrenees National Park, a mountain refuge will soon undergo a sculptural transformation by architecture studio Snøhetta. The new project is the winner of a competition responding to a devastating fire that destroyed the previous building a decade ago. The so-called Refuge de Barroude will serve as both a stopover point for hikers on the Haute Route des Pyrénées and a reception and support center for the park’s staff. The design prioritizes environmental responsibility, rising organically from the terrain with its sweeping green roof and introducing modern amenities for visitors to the UNESCO World Heritage-listed national park.

人工建筑與自然景觀和諧共存——Barroude“隱形”避難所第2張圖片

images © Snøhetta

Snøhetta建筑師事務所設計的Barroude避難所非常成功，因為該設計解決了人工建筑與自然景觀之間的對立共存問題。在天然的比利牛斯山脈景觀中，人工元素的存在不應影響到原有自然景觀的完整性。因此，設計團隊的靈感以溫暖安全和來源于自然的地標為核心，這兩種設計要素在避難所的建筑中均有運用，如通過使用天然石材、木材和鋁建造建筑，使其與原有地形互為融合，且與自然景觀和諧共存。

新建避難所與原有被大火燒毀的避難所處于相同位置，這是為了確保建筑建造地不屬于當?shù)貏又参锉Ｗo區(qū)。設計師充分利用現(xiàn)有地形，盡量減少土方開挖，最后在不影響自然景觀的前提下建造了一個2層避難所。該建筑在設計時為了提高能源效率，保證室內氣溫，盡可能的將建筑立面置于地坪以下。建筑還包含有一個大型種植屋頂，可與周圍自然景觀相互融合，減少人工元素對自然景觀的視覺影響。

Snøhetta’s design concept for the Refuge de Barroude emphasizes a delicate balance between integration into the landscape and visibility within the expansive Pyrenees. The architects note that in this breathtaking setting, human presence should remain subtle. Thus, the team draws inspiration from two key ideas — Terrier and Cairn. The former signifies warmth and security, while the latter suggests a landmark or destination built from natural materials. These elements are reflected in the refuge’s architecture, which melds into the topography while contrasting with the rugged landscape through the use of stone, wood, and aluminum.
The new refuge is carefully positioned on the site of the old building, ensuring that it is situated outside areas protected for their endemic flora and fauna. By working with the existing topography, the design avoids excessive earthworks, creating two levels of refuge without altering the natural landscape. The compact structure’s bioclimatic design minimizes the exposure of facades to the elements, promoting energy efficiency and natural ventilation. A large planted roof, integrated with the surrounding landscape, helps reduce the visual impact of the structure.

人工建筑與自然景觀和諧共存——Barroude“隱形”避難所第3張圖片

▲ 項目所在地在十年前有一個避難所，最后被大火燒毀，如今新建避難所將代替原有燒毀的避難所
the project will replace a preexisting refuge destroyed by a fire a decade ago

該項目包含公共空間功能區(qū)和后勤功能區(qū)。公共空間內設計有接待等候區(qū)、廚房區(qū)域和餐廳區(qū)域，各個區(qū)域均可看到窗外的Barroude湖景和周圍的自然景觀。公共空間與周邊自然景觀緊密聯(lián)系，可以使徒步旅行者在休憩的同時欣賞風景。后勤區(qū)域主要設計有辦公人員的工作、住宿和生活空間。

建筑內部的住宿生活區(qū)為適應不同人群的需求，設計有多種類型。徒步旅行者和公園工作人員的冬季宿舍設計在建筑底層，可直通室外自然景觀空間。徒步旅行者的宿舍有8人間和6人間，可根據(jù)自身情況進行選擇。避難所內部還為管理員和工作人員提供有周轉休息室，為保障公園能夠正常開放。

The design team at Snøhetta organizes the layout of its Refuge de Barroude between two distinct areas. The first, dedicated to communal spaces, includes a reception area, dining room, and kitchen, all oriented towards Lake Barroude and its surrounding trails. These open spaces provide a connection to the natural environment, allowing hikers to experience the scenery while enjoying the refuge’s amenities. The second area is reserved for private use, with dormitories and living quarters for the refuge’s warden and Pyrenees National Park staff.
Accommodations vary to suit different needs. Winter dormitories, designed for hikers and park staff, are located on the lower ground floor, providing direct outdoor access. Hikers have a choice between eight-person and six-person dormitories, with winter-adapted options available as well. In addition, the refuge features rooms for the warden and staff, supporting the park’s day-to-day operations.

人工建筑與自然景觀和諧共存——Barroude“隱形”避難所第4張圖片

▲ 該避難所建成之后還將會成為比利牛斯山脈上徒步旅行者的中途休息停留地
the refuge will serve as a stopover for hikers on the Haute Route des Pyrénées

Snøhetta建筑師事務所設計該項目時考慮了建筑的可持續(xù)發(fā)展性，所以建筑材料選用低碳，如再生木材和鋁等。并盡可能的減少建筑對周圍環(huán)境的影響，如建筑采用當?shù)厥^作為地基基礎，減少人工元素對景觀的影響。為減少在自然景觀中人工元素的痕跡，設計師盡可能的減少土方開挖，并使得建筑地基深埋地面，外觀上望去就像是建筑“掠過”地面，使得人工建筑對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞性降到最低。

避難所內部的功能空間設計合理緊湊，可降低能耗、減少材料燃燒和冷卻需求。建筑中還設計有太陽能電伏板和生物質加熱等可再生能源系統(tǒng)，可為建筑提供電力和熱水，減少對化石燃料的需求。建筑內部的使用水來源于周邊的泉水，使用過后的廢水會經過處理后排出，可減少對環(huán)境的影響。該項目預計2025年動工，2027年完工。

Snøhetta’s design prioritizes sustainability, incorporating low-carbon materials and minimizing construction impacts. The structure is primarily built from recycled wood and aluminum, with local stone used for the base, ensuring integration with the mountainous landscape. By keeping earthworks and concrete foundations to a minimum, the project aims to reduce its environmental footprint, allowing the building to ‘skim’ the ground and be fully reversible, with minimal disruption to the ecosystem.
The compact design of the refuge helps further reduce energy consumption, minimizing the need for heating and cooling. Renewable energy systems, such as solar panels and biomass heating, will provide electricity and hot water, significantly decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. Water is sourced from a nearby spring, and waste water is treated through infiltration, ensuring minimal environmental impact. The project is expected to break ground in 2025, with completion slated for 2027

人工建筑與自然景觀和諧共存——Barroude“隱形”避難所第5張圖片

▲ 設計團隊的靈感以溫暖安全和來源于自然的地標為核心
the team draws from the ideas of Terrier for warmth and Cairn as a landmark

▲ 避難所主要使用材料為回收的木材、鋁和當?shù)氐氖模軌蛲昝赖娜谌氘數(shù)丨h(huán)境
the refuge is built with recycled wood and aluminum, using local stone to blend into the earth

▲ 該項目還設計有可再生能源系統(tǒng)，如使用太陽能和生物質加熱室內空間，可減少避難所對化石燃料的依賴和需求
renewable energy systems, including solar and biomass heating, will reduce the refuge’s reliance on fossil fuels

▲ Snøhetta建筑事務所在比利牛斯山脈景觀中設計的避難所完美的將建筑與景觀融合為一體
Snøhetta balances environmental integration and visibility within the rugged Pyrenean landscape

人工建筑與自然景觀和諧共存——Barroude“隱形”避難所第9張圖片

項目信息：
項目名稱：Barroude避難所
建筑設計：Snøhetta建筑事務所
項目位置：法國比利牛斯山脈國家公園
建筑面積：540㎡
完工時間：預計2027年
可視化展示：Snøhetta建筑事務所

project info:
project title: Refuge de Barroude
architecture: Snøhetta | @snohetta
location: Pyrenees National Park, France
area: 540 square meters
completion: expected 2027
visualizations: © Snøhetta

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